Here we learn how to render a triangle and a grid in 3D.
Adding the DirectX Tool Kit which we will use for this lesson.
Note that since the input layout is the bridge between the vertex buffer data and the vertex shader program, this Direct3D object is created with information about both.
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of CreateDevice:
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of OnDeviceLost:
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of Render:
Build and run to see a simple yellow triangle rendered in 2D.
![screenshotTriangle.png]( "screenshotTriangle.png")
The image above is drawn using device coordinates that are independent of the screen resolution and range from -1 to +1. Resizing the window will result in the same image scaled to the new window. If instead you want to draw using screen pixel coordinates (which match the coordinate system used by SpriteBatch), then:
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of CreateResources:
In Game.cpp, modify the TODO of Render:
Build and run to get the same image, but if you resize the window the triangle will not change in the second version.
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of CreateDevice:
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of CreateResources:
In Game.cpp, modify to the TODO of Render:
Build and run to see a 3D grid.
![screenshotGrid.png]( "screenshotGrid.png")
Next lesson:3D shapes
Setup
First create a new project using the instructions from the first two lessons: The basic game loop andAdding the DirectX Tool Kit which we will use for this lesson.
Background
In order to do a draw operation with Direct3D 11, we need to provide the following objects and settings:- A vertex buffer containing the vertices of the elements to draw.
- The input layout that describes the memory layout of the vertices in the vertex buffer.
- A primitive topology setting that indicates how to interpret the individual vertices (as a point, a line, a triangle, etc.)
- A compiled vertex shader program
- A compiled pixel shader program
Note that since the input layout is the bridge between the vertex buffer data and the vertex shader program, this Direct3D object is created with information about both.
Drawing a triangle
In the Game.h file, add the following variables to the bottom of the Game class's private declarations:std::unique_ptr<DirectX::BasicEffect> m_effect; std::unique_ptr<DirectX::PrimitiveBatch<DirectX::VertexPositionColor>> m_batch; Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11InputLayout> m_inputLayout;
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of CreateDevice:
m_effect.reset(new BasicEffect(m_d3dDevice.Get())); m_effect->SetVertexColorEnabled(true); voidconst* shaderByteCode; size_t byteCodeLength; m_effect->GetVertexShaderBytecode(&shaderByteCode, &byteCodeLength); DX::ThrowIfFailed( m_d3dDevice->CreateInputLayout(VertexPositionColor::InputElements, VertexPositionColor::InputElementCount, shaderByteCode, byteCodeLength, m_inputLayout.ReleaseAndGetAddressOf())); m_batch.reset(new PrimitiveBatch<VertexPositionColor>(m_d3dContext.Get()));
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of OnDeviceLost:
m_effect.reset(); m_batch.reset(); m_inputLayout.Reset();
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of Render:
m_effect->Apply(m_d3dContext.Get()); m_d3dContext->IASetInputLayout(m_inputLayout.Get()); m_batch->Begin(); VertexPositionColor v1(Vector3(0.f, 0.5f, 0.5f), Colors::Yellow); VertexPositionColor v2(Vector3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f), Colors::Yellow); VertexPositionColor v3(Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f), Colors::Yellow); m_batch->DrawTriangle(v1, v2, v3); m_batch->End();
Build and run to see a simple yellow triangle rendered in 2D.
The image above is drawn using device coordinates that are independent of the screen resolution and range from -1 to +1. Resizing the window will result in the same image scaled to the new window. If instead you want to draw using screen pixel coordinates (which match the coordinate system used by SpriteBatch), then:
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of CreateResources:
Matrix proj = Matrix::CreateScale( 2.f/viewPort.Width, -2.f/viewPort.Height, 1.f) * Matrix::CreateTranslation( -1.f, 1.f, 0.f ); m_effect->SetProjection(proj);
In Game.cpp, modify the TODO of Render:
m_effect->Apply(m_d3dContext.Get()); m_d3dContext->IASetInputLayout(m_inputLayout.Get()); m_batch->Begin(); VertexPositionColor v1(Vector3(400.f, 150.f, 0.f), Colors::Yellow); VertexPositionColor v2(Vector3(600.f, 450.f, 0.f), Colors::Yellow); VertexPositionColor v3(Vector3(200.f, 450.f, 0.f), Colors::Yellow); m_batch->DrawTriangle(v1, v2, v3); m_batch->End();
Build and run to get the same image, but if you resize the window the triangle will not change in the second version.
Technical notes
- The BasicEffect family of shader classes uses shader code built in to the DirectXTK.lib as static data so there's no need to compile shaders at runtime or to load data files from disk.
- Internally, both SpriteBatch and PrimitiveBatch make use of a dynamic rather than static vertex buffer object which makes use of special memory shared between the CPU and GPU. Generally, we prefer when possible to use static vertex buffers as they can reside in the video memory directly that is only accessible by the GPU.
Drawing a grid
In the Game.h file, add the following variables to the bottom of the Game class's private declarations:DirectX::SimpleMath::Matrix m_world; DirectX::SimpleMath::Matrix m_view; DirectX::SimpleMath::Matrix m_proj;
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of CreateDevice:
m_world = Matrix::Identity;
In Game.cpp, add to the TODO of CreateResources:
m_view = Matrix::CreateLookAt(Vector3(2.f, 2.f, 2.f), Vector3::Zero, Vector3::UnitY);
m_proj = Matrix::CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(XM_PI / 4.f,
viewPort.Width / viewPort.Height, 0.1f, 10.f);
m_effect->SetView(m_view);
m_effect->SetProjection(m_proj);In Game.cpp, modify to the TODO of Render:
m_effect->SetWorld(m_world); m_effect->Apply(m_d3dContext.Get()); m_d3dContext->IASetInputLayout(m_inputLayout.Get()); m_batch->Begin(); Vector3 xaxis(2.f, 0.f, 0.f); Vector3 yaxis(0.f, 0.f, 2.f); Vector3 origin = Vector3::Zero; size_t divisions = 20; for( size_t i = 0; i <= divisions; ++i ) { float fPercent = float(i) / float(divisions); fPercent = ( fPercent * 2.0f ) - 1.0f; Vector3 scale = xaxis * fPercent + origin; VertexPositionColor v1( scale - yaxis, Colors::White ); VertexPositionColor v2( scale + yaxis, Colors::White ); m_batch->DrawLine( v1, v2 ); } for( size_t i = 0; i <= divisions; i++ ) { FLOAT fPercent = float(i) / float(divisions); fPercent = ( fPercent * 2.0f ) - 1.0f; Vector3 scale = yaxis * fPercent + origin; VertexPositionColor v1( scale - xaxis, Colors::White ); VertexPositionColor v2( scale + xaxis, Colors::White ); m_batch->DrawLine( v1, v2 ); } m_batch->End();
Build and run to see a 3D grid.
Next lesson:3D shapes