This is a native Direct3D 11 implementation of the five built-in effects from XNA Game Studio, providing identical functionality and API:
![EffectsExample.jpg]( "EffectsExample.jpg")
Related tutorials:Simple rendering, Using advanced shaders, Applying lightmaps, Creating custom shaders with DGSL, Writing custom shaders
For exception safety, it is recommended you make use of the C++ RAII pattern and use a std::unique_ptr or std::shared_ptr
The DGSLEffect constructor takes a pixelShader instance. If null, it uses one of the three built-in default materials: Unlit, Lambert, and Phong. This class assumes the pixel shader provided is signature compatible with the built-in DGSL vertex shader, and will work for the feature level of the device.
The built-in effects default to a standard lighting and color set
Note: To disable specular highlights on a material with BasicEffect, SkinnedEffect and DGSLEffect; DisableSpecular sets the specular color to black [0,0,0] and the specular power to 1. A specular power of 0 can result in strange rendering artifacts.
DualTextureEffect and EnvironmentMapEffect require a texture sampler in both slots 0 and 1. DGSLEffect can require up to 8 texture samplers. The other textured effects only require a texture sampler in slot 0. GeometricPrimitive and SpriteBatch only set a texture sampler in slot 0 by default. Model sets a sampler in slots 0 and 1.
DualTextureEffect requires two sets of texture coordinates, while the other textured effects only require a single set. GeometricPrimitive, Model loaded from VBO or CMO, and SpriteBatch only define a single set of texture coordinates in their vertex buffers so they can't be used with DualTextureEffect.
For the built-in effects, the trigger for needing to create a new layout would be:
The compiled shaders are integrated into the DirectXTK library to avoid the need for runtime compilation, shader reflection, or deploying compiled shader binary files (.cso).
The DGSLEffect includes built-in support for the three default materials: Unlit, Lambert, and Phong. These built-in DGSL materials support all feature levels, as does the built-in DGSL-compatible vertex shader. Visual Studio Shader Designer (DGSL) .DGSL.CSO files support Feature Level 10.0+. The DGSLEffectFactory automatically attempts to locate a suitably named standard .CSO on Feature Level 9.x which is a manually created fall-back shader. The method for creating these fall-back shaders is to use "Export to HLSL..." from the Visual Studio Shader Designer, then modify that .hlsl file so it will successfully compile with ps_4_0_level_9_1 or ps_4_0_level_9_3 (whichever is your minimum supported feature level).
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff476892.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2010/04/30/built-in-effects-permutations-and-performance.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2010/04/25/basiceffect-optimizations-in-xna-game-studio-4-0.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2008/08/22/basiceffect-a-misnomer.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2010/08/04/dualtextureeffect.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2010/08/09/environmentmapeffect.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/chuckw/archive/2012/05/07/hlsl-fxc-and-d3dcompile.aspx
- BasicEffect supports texture mapping, vertex coloring, directional lighting, and fog
- AlphaTestEffect supports per-pixel alpha testing
- DualTextureEffect supports two layer multitexturing (for lightmaps or detail textures)
- EnvironmentMapEffect supports cubic environment mapping
- SkinnedEffect supports skinned animation with up to 72 bones and 1, 2, or 4 bone influences per vertex.
- DGSLEffect which supports the Visual Studio Shader Designer (DGSL) content pipeline both with and without skinned animation with up to 8 textures.
Related tutorials:Simple rendering, Using advanced shaders, Applying lightmaps, Creating custom shaders with DGSL, Writing custom shaders
Header
#include <Effects.h>
Initialization
The built-in effect constructors requires a Direct3D 11 device.
std::unique_ptr<BasicEffect> effect(new BasicEffect(device));The DGSLEffect constructor takes a pixelShader instance. If null, it uses one of the three built-in default materials: Unlit, Lambert, and Phong. This class assumes the pixel shader provided is signature compatible with the built-in DGSL vertex shader, and will work for the feature level of the device.
std::unique_ptr<DGSLEffect> effect(new DGSLEffect(device,pixelShader));Set effect parameters
effect->SetWorld(world);
effect->SetView(view);
effect->SetProjection(projection);
effect->SetTexture(cat);
effect->SetTextureEnabled(true);
effect->EnableDefaultLighting();The built-in effects default to a standard lighting and color set
- Matrices are all set to identity
- Ambient, diffuse, and emissive colors default to black
- Fully opaque (alpha set to 1)
- Specular defaults to white with a power of 16
- Default lights are set to white with no specular highlight and a default direction of [0, -1, 0]. All lights are disabled by default.
Note: To disable specular highlights on a material with BasicEffect, SkinnedEffect and DGSLEffect; DisableSpecular sets the specular color to black [0,0,0] and the specular power to 1. A specular power of 0 can result in strange rendering artifacts.
- EnvironmentMapEffect always uses vertex lighting, but does not support per-pixel lighting
- SkinnedEffect always uses vertex or per-pixel lighting
- DGSLEffect always uses per-pixel lighting if lighting is supported by the effect. It also supports a UV Transform for the texture coordinates, viewport information, and a time variable which may or may not be used by a given DGSL pixel shader. Fog settings are not supported by this effect, but could be 'baked in' to a given DGSL pixel shader.
Draw using the effect
effect->Apply(deviceContext); deviceContext->IASetInputLayout(...); deviceContext->IASetVertexBuffers(...); deviceContext->IASetIndexBuffer(...); deviceContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(...); deviceContext->PSSetSamplers(...); deviceContext->DrawIndexed(...);
DualTextureEffect and EnvironmentMapEffect require a texture sampler in both slots 0 and 1. DGSLEffect can require up to 8 texture samplers. The other textured effects only require a texture sampler in slot 0. GeometricPrimitive and SpriteBatch only set a texture sampler in slot 0 by default. Model sets a sampler in slots 0 and 1.
DualTextureEffect requires two sets of texture coordinates, while the other textured effects only require a single set. GeometricPrimitive, Model loaded from VBO or CMO, and SpriteBatch only define a single set of texture coordinates in their vertex buffers so they can't be used with DualTextureEffect.
Input Layout
To create an input layout matching the effect vertex shader input signature:// First, configure effect parameters the way you will be using it. Turning// lighting, texture map, or vertex color on/off alters which vertex shader// is used, so GetVertexShaderBytecode will return a different blob after// you alter these parameters. If you create an input layout using a// BasicEffect that had lighting disabled, but then later enable lighting,// that input layout will no longer match as it will not include the// now-necessary normal vector.voidconst* shaderByteCode; size_t byteCodeLength; effect->GetVertexShaderBytecode(&shaderByteCode, &byteCodeLength); device->CreateInputLayout(VertexPositionNormalTexture::InputElements, VertexPositionNormalTexture::InputElementCount, shaderByteCode, byteCodeLength, pInputLayout);
For the built-in effects, the trigger for needing to create a new layout would be:
- Enabling or disabling lighting (which requires a vertex normal)
- Enabling or disabling per vertex color (which requires a vertex color value)
- Enabling or disabling textures (which requires vertex texture coordinates)
- Changing effect class (BasicEffect <-> SkinnedEffect or DGSLEffect)
Interfaces
The built-in effects support a number of different settings, some of which are organized into more 'generic' interfaces.- IEffect is the basic interface for all effects which includes applying it to the device context and obtaining the shader information needed to create a Direct3D 11 input layout with a signature that matches the effect's shader. Remember that a given Effect instance could return a different shader based on internal state.
- IEffectMatrices is the interface for setting an effects' world, view, and projection matrices. All the built-in effects support this interface.
- IEffectLights is the interface for controlling the effects' lighting computations and settings. This is supported by BasicEffect, EnvironmentMapEffect, SkinningEffect, and DGSLEffect
- IEffectFog is the interface to control the effects' fog settings. This is supported by BasicEffect, AlphaTestEffect, DualTextureEffect, EnvironmentMapEffect, and SkinnedEffect.
- IEffectSkinning is the interface to control skinned animation settings. This is supported by DGSLEffect and SkinnedEffect. This includes setting the bone transform matrices, and optimizing the number of bone influences per vertex to process (1, 2, or 4; defaults to 4).
Coordinate systems
The built-in effects work equally well for both right-handed and left-handed coordinate systems. The one difference is that the fog settings start & end for left-handed coordinate systems need to be negated (i.e. SetFogStart(6), SetFogEnd(8) for right-handed coordinates becomes SetFogStart(-6), SetFogEnd(-8) for left-handed coordinates).Feature Level Notes
The built-in shaders are compiled using the vs_4_0_level_9_1 and ps_4_0_level_9_1 profiles to support all feature levels.The compiled shaders are integrated into the DirectXTK library to avoid the need for runtime compilation, shader reflection, or deploying compiled shader binary files (.cso).
The DGSLEffect includes built-in support for the three default materials: Unlit, Lambert, and Phong. These built-in DGSL materials support all feature levels, as does the built-in DGSL-compatible vertex shader. Visual Studio Shader Designer (DGSL) .DGSL.CSO files support Feature Level 10.0+. The DGSLEffectFactory automatically attempts to locate a suitably named standard .CSO on Feature Level 9.x which is a manually created fall-back shader. The method for creating these fall-back shaders is to use "Export to HLSL..." from the Visual Studio Shader Designer, then modify that .hlsl file so it will successfully compile with ps_4_0_level_9_1 or ps_4_0_level_9_3 (whichever is your minimum supported feature level).
Threading model
Creation is fully asynchronous, so you can instantiate multiple effect instances at the same time on different threads. Each instance only supports drawing from one thread at a time, but you can simultaneously draw on multiple threads if you create a separate effect instance per Direct3D 11 deferred context.http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff476892.aspx
Further reading
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2010/04/28/new-built-in-effects-in-xna-game-studio-4-0.aspxhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2010/04/30/built-in-effects-permutations-and-performance.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2010/04/25/basiceffect-optimizations-in-xna-game-studio-4-0.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2008/08/22/basiceffect-a-misnomer.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2010/08/04/dualtextureeffect.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2010/08/09/environmentmapeffect.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/chuckw/archive/2012/05/07/hlsl-fxc-and-d3dcompile.aspx